Grid-to-Chip
EU EED, Singapore DC-CFA2 and the US state read-across: efficiency as procurement constraint
Efficiency is migrating from ESG preference to procurement constraint. EU EED reporting → rating → minimum standards; Singapore DC-CFA2 allocation gate at PUE ≤ 1.25; US state mosaic (Virginia, Oregon, California). Vendor implications on UPS topology, PDU efficiency, cooling-electrical co-design.